Journal of General Virology

Fig. 1. Summary of the major routes of endocytosis used by viruses. The most established route of entry is via clathrin-coated pits, requiring Eps15 among other molecules. Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) progress to early endosomes in a Rab5-dependent manner. Early endosomes can recycle back to the cell surface (controlled by Rab4 and/or Rab11) or progress to the increasingly acidic milieu of the late endosome/lysosome (controlled by Rab7). Other possible internalization pathways are non-coated pits (non-CCV), macropinocytosis (dependent on the Rac/Rho family of GTPases) or caveolae (dependent on caveolin). The Golgi apparatus is a central player in membrane traffic, affecting transport within both the secretory and the endocytic pathways.

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